@article{CK268,

title = {Incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.},

author = {Alexander, Thomas H and Harris, Jeffrey P},

doi = {10.1097/MAO.0000000000000222},

issn = {1537-4505},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-12-01},

journal = {Otol Neurotol},

volume = {34},

pages = {1586-9},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }Recent data regarding the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in the United States is lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the current day incidence of SSNHL in the United States using data from a medical and pharmaceutical claims database containing information for more than 60 million unique patients.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Population-based cross-sectional analysis.
\textbf{SETTING: }Inpatient and outpatient.
\textbf{PATIENTS: }Patients in the database are reported to be representative of the national, commercially insured population on a variety of demographic measures including age, sex, health plan type, and geographic location.
\textbf{RESULTS: }During 2006 and 2007, the annual incidence of SSNHL was 27 per 100,000 in the United States. The incidence increased with increasing age, ranging from 11 per 100,000 for patients younger than 18 years to 77 per 100,000 for patients 65 years and older. There was an overall slight male preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1.07:1. This was more pronounced in patients 65 years and older, with a ratio of 1.30:1.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }More than 66,000 new cases of SSNHL are seen annually in the United States. The disorder is more common in men and the elderly.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK114,

title = {Factors affecting postural instability in Menieretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Fujimoto, Chisato and Egami, Naoya and Kinoshita, Makoto and Sugasawa, Keiko and Yamasoba, Tatsuya and Iwasaki, Shinichi},

doi = {10.1177/0194599813501625},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-11-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {149},

pages = {759-65},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To assess the influence of factors that can affect the postural instability of M'eni`eretextquoterights disease (MD) patients.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Case-control study.
\textbf{SETTING: }Outpatient clinic in a university hospital.
\textbf{SUBJECTS AND METHODS: }Fifty-four definite MD patients and 66 controls were included. Two-legged stance tasks were performed in 4 conditions: eyes open with and without foam rubber and eyes closed with and without foam rubber. We examined 6 variables: the velocity of movement of the center of pressure (COP), the envelopment area traced by the movement of the COP, Rombergtextquoterights ratio of velocity and area, and the foam ratios of velocity and area. For patients, stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between the 6 variables and the following independent variables: gender, age, the presence of abnormal caloric and/or cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) responses, the time elapsed since the last vertigo attack, and the disease duration.
\textbf{RESULTS: }The presence of MD had a significantly positive relationship with all 6 of the variables (P < .05). The presence of abnormal caloric and/or cVEMP responses had a significantly positive relationship with Rombergtextquoterights ratio of velocity (P < .05) and area (P < .01). The shorter time interval from last vertigo attack to measurement had a significantly positive relationship with the foam ratio of area (P < .01).
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }MD patients show poor postural performance, which is affected by the existence of their peripheral vestibular function and the shorter time interval from last vertigo attack to measurement.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK119,

title = {Effects of aural atresia on speech development and learning: retrospective analysis from a multidisciplinary craniofacial clinic.},

author = {Jensen, Daniel R and Grames, Lynn M and Lieu, Judith E C},

doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3859},

issn = {2168-619X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-08-01},

journal = {JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {139},

pages = {797-802},

abstract = {
IMPORTANCE Aural atresia (AA) is associated with maximal conductive hearing loss in affected ears, and children with bilateral AA require amplification. Some recent research has suggested an increased risk for speech and learning problems among children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether increased risk for speech and learning problems exists among children with AA. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Multidisciplinary craniofacial clinic. PARTICIPANTS Children with unilateral or bilateral AA. INTERVENTIONS Records review, including evaluations by audiologists, speech pathologists, and psychologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of speech and/or language delay, prevalence of speech therapy and educational interventions, and parental report of psychosocial problems. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were identified who met inclusion and exclusion criteria: 48 with right-sided AA, 19 with left-sided AA, and 7 with bilateral AA. Children with AA demonstrated high rates of speech therapy (86% among bilateral, 43% among unilateral). Reports of school problems were more common among children with right-sided AA (31%) than those with left-sided AA (11%) or bilateral AA (0%) (P = .06). Educational interventions were common in all groups (33% right, 21% left, 43% bilateral). In the case of bilateral AA, all children who received additional interventions were enrolled in schools for the hearing impaired, without any identified learning deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children with unilateral AA may be at greater risk of speech and learning difficulties than previously appreciated, similar to children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Whether amplification may alleviate this risk is unclear and warrants further study.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK118,

title = {Maternal prenatal smoking and hearing loss among adolescents.},

author = {Weitzman, Michael and Govil, Nandini and Liu, Ying Hua and Lalwani, Anil K},

doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3294},

issn = {2168-619X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-07-01},

journal = {JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {139},

pages = {669-77},

abstract = {
\textbf{IMPORTANCE: }Although smoking and secondhand smoke exposure are associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children and adults, the possible association between prenatal smoke exposure and hearing loss has not been investigated despite the fact that more than 12% of US children experience such prenatal exposure each year.
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To investigate whether exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke is independently associated with SNHL in adolescents.
\textbf{DESIGN: }Cross-sectional data were examined for 964 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006.
\textbf{PARTICIPANTS: }Participants underwent standardized audiometric testing, and serum cotinine levels and self-reports were used to identify adolescents exposed to secondhand smoke or active smokers.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: }Prenatal exposure was defined as an affirmative parental response to, "Did [Sample Persontextquoterights Name] biological mother smoke at any time while she was pregnant with [him/her]?" Sensorineural hearing loss was defined as an average pure-tone hearing level more than 15 dB for 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (low frequency) and 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz (high frequency).
\textbf{RESULTS: }Parental responses affirmed prenatal smoke exposure in 16.2% of 964 adolescents. Prenatal smoke exposure was associated with elevated pure-tone hearing thresholds at 2 and 6 kHz (P < .05), a higher rate of unilateral low-frequency SNHL (17.6% vs 7.1%; P < .05) in bivariate analyses, and a 2.6-fold increased odds of having unilateral low-frequency SNHL in multivariate analyses (95% CI, 1.1-6.4) after controlling for multiple hearing-related covariates.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: }Prenatal smoke exposure is independently associated with higher pure-tone hearing thresholds and an almost 3-fold increase in the odds of unilateral low-frequency hearing loss among adolescents. These novel findings suggest that in utero exposure to tobacco smoke may be injurious to the auditory system.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK117,

title = {Monopolar cautery and adverse effects on cochlear implants.},

author = {Jeyakumar, Anita and Wilson, Meghan and Sorrel, Jonathan E and McIntire, J Benjamin and Jones, Dara D and Brickman, Todd M and Arriaga, Moises},

doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2013.3297},

issn = {2168-619X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-07-01},

journal = {JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {139},

pages = {694-7},

abstract = {
\textbf{IMPORTANCE: }The use of monopolar cautery has been widely regarded as a contraindication in the setting of a cochlear implant because of presumed risk to the implant device. There are very limited data to support this contraindication.
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }(1) To evaluate the effects of monopolar cautery on cochlear implant devices. (2) To determine whether monopolar cautery changes the endocochlear temperature in an implanted cochlea.
\textbf{DESIGN: }Sixteen cochlear implants from 3 manufacturers (Advanced Bionics LLC, Cochlear Americas Ltd, and Med-El Ltd) were implanted into 2 unembalmed, fresh cadavers. Monopolar cautery was applied to either the tongue or abdomen at coagulation settings of 10 W or 50 W for 30 minutes. Impedance and integrity testing were performed before, during, and after 30 minutes of cautery. The temperature in the endocochlear perilymph was measured during cautery. After explantation, devices were returned to the manufacturer for an in-depth "failure" analysis according to each manufacturertextquoterights current protocol evaluating explanted devices.
\textbf{SETTING: }Basic science laboratory, tertiary medical center.
\textbf{PARTICIPANTS: }Cadaveric study.
\textbf{INTERVENTION: }Application of monopolar cautery to implanted cochlear implants in a cadaveric model.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: }(1) Changes to the implanted devices either during electrocautery or following failure analysis. (2) Changes in the intracochlear temperature.
\textbf{RESULTS: }No change in impedance, integrity testing, or failure analysis occurred at any cautery setting when applied to either the oral cavity or abdomen. The temperature of the cochlea did not increase with up to 30 minutes of cautery at a setting of 50 W. Comprehensive device analysis did not show any evidence of device damage at the conclusion of the study.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: }Monopolar cautery did not produce detectible damage to any of the cochlear implant devices or produce detectible temperature change in the cochlea at low or high levels of cautery in the oral cavity in this experimental model.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK112,

title = {Outcomes comparing primary pediatric stapedectomy for congenital stapes footplate fixation and juvenile otosclerosis.},

author = {Carlson, Matthew L and Van Abel, Kathryn M and Pelosi, Stanley and Beatty, Charles W and Haynes, David S and Wanna, George B and Bennett, Marc L and Driscoll, Colin L},

doi = {10.1097/MAO.0b013e318280db7b},

issn = {1537-4505},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-07-01},

journal = {Otol Neurotol},

volume = {34},

pages = {816-20},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To compare presentation, operative findings, and outcomes among pediatric patients undergoing primary stapedectomy for congenital stapes footplate fixation (CSFF) and juvenile otosclerosis (JO).
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Retrospective review.
\textbf{SETTING: }Combined experience from 2 tertiary academic referral centers.
\textbf{PATIENTS: }Pediatric patients with CSFF and JO.
\textbf{INTERVENTION: }Primary stapedectomy.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): }1) Preoperative and postoperative audiometric data using the 1995 AAO-HNS reporting guidelines; 2) Notable operative findings, and postoperative complications.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Forty-four pediatric ears met inclusion criteria (27 CSFF, 17 JO). Patients with CSFF presented with a more significant hearing loss (mean PTA 52 dB versus 42 dB; p = 0.04), underwent surgery at a younger age (12.2 versus 16.3 yr; p < 0.001), and more commonly had coincident ossicular malformations (37% versus 0%; p = 0.004). Subjects with JO demonstrated a smaller postoperative ABG (mean 8.8 dB versus 17.2 dB; p = 0.04), although both groups experienced a statistically significant improvement following surgery. Mean bone conduction thresholds remained stable for both groups. There were no instances of profound sensorineural hearing loss, perilymph gusher, facial nerve paresis, or tympanic membrane perforation.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }When performed by an experienced surgeon, stapedectomy is safe and effective in managing carefully selected pediatric patients with CSFF and JO. CSFF is associated with a more severe hearing loss at presentation and concurrent ossicular anomalies are common. Both groups experience substantial benefit from stapedectomy, although ABG closure rates are superior in patients with JO. These data may be helpful in preoperative assessment and patient counseling.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK115,

title = {Children with sensorineural hearing loss after passing the newborn hearing screen.},

author = {Dedhia, Kavita and Kitsko, Dennis and Sabo, Diane and Chi, David H},

doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2013.1229},

issn = {2168-619X},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-02-01},

journal = {JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {139},

pages = {119-23},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To identify and describe the findings of children who passed their newborn hearing screen (NHS) and were subsequently found to have childhood hearing loss.
\textbf{SETTING: }Academic tertiary care center.
\textbf{DESIGN: }Retrospective medical chart review.
\textbf{METHODS: }With approval of the institutional review board, hospital records were reviewed for children diagnosed as having hearing loss. We identified 923 children with hearing loss from 2001 to 2011. Patients who passed the NHS with subsequent hearing loss were included.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Seventy-eight patients were included in our study. The suspicion of hearing loss in patients who passed the NHS was most often from parental concerns (n = 28 [36%]) and failed school hearing screens (n = 25 [32%]). Speech and language delay and failed primary care physician screens accounted for 17% and 12%, respectively. Configuration of the audiogram was bilateral symmetric (n = 42 [54%]), bilateral asymmetric (n = 16 [21%]), and unilateral (n = 20 [26%]) loss. Thirty-seven patients (47%) had severe or profound hearing loss. The etiology was unknown in 42 patients (54%); the remaining was attributed to genetics (n = 13 [17%]), anatomic abnormality (n = 11 [14%]), acquired perinatal (n = 9 [12%]), and auditory neuropathy (n = 3 [4%]).
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }This is the largest study to characterize children with hearing loss who passed the NHS. In our review, parental concerns and school hearing screens were the most common method to diagnose hearing loss after passing the NHS. Families and primary care physicians may have a false sense of security when patients pass the NHS and overlook symptoms of hearing loss. This study raises the question whether further screens would identify hearing loss in children after passing the NHS.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK116,

title = {Advantages of hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty over fat graft myringoplasty.},

author = {Saliba, Issam and Knapik, Monika and Froehlich, Patrick and Abela, Anthony},

doi = {10.1001/archotol.2013.210},

issn = {1538-361X},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-10-01},

journal = {Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {138},

pages = {950-5},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To compare hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty (HAFGM) with fat graft myringoplasty (FGM) on grade I tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs) (<25% of the tympanic membrane surface) and to assess 12-month postoperative hearing outcomes in a pediatric population.
\textbf{DESIGN: }Prospective study.
\textbf{SETTING: }Tertiary care pediatric center. PATIENTS Ninety-two children with a TMP were included in the study and were operated on using either the HAFGM (n = 50) or FGM (n = 42) technique. Age at surgery ranged from 4 to 17 years (mean age, 11.52 years).
\textbf{INTERVENTIONS: }Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty is a new technique for TMP repair in a pediatric population and is performed using local anesthesia at the outpatient office.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: }Postoperative status of the tympanic membrane, hearing improvement, and incidence of complications.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Successful closure of the tympanic membrane was achieved in 90% of the HAFGM group and in 57.1% of the FGM group (P = .004). The mean (SD) postoperative air-bone gap in the HAFGM (6.86 [8.52] dB) group was significantly lower than in the FGM (18.32 [13.44] dB) group (P < .002). The mean postoperative follow-up time was 31.5 and 34.7 months for HAFGM and FGM groups, respectively. No difference was observed between children 10 years or younger and children older than 10 years. In the 2 groups, no postoperative complications were observed. The location of the perforation was not found to be a factor indicative of failure.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }The success rate of HAFGM is superior to that of FGM alone. Hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty can be performed as an office-based procedure using local anesthesia and requires no hospitalization. Because of its substantial advantages, HAFGM could be considered as the first choice for the reconstruction of a dry TMP in the pediatric population.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK33,

title = {Effect of transtympanic low-pressure therapy in patients with unilateral Meni`eretextquoterights disease unresponsive to betahistine: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial.},

author = {G{ü}rkov, R and Filipe Mingas, L B and Rader, T and Louza, J and Olzowy, B and Krause, E},

doi = {10.1017/S0022215112000102},

issn = {1748-5460},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-04-01},

journal = {J Laryngol Otol},

volume = {126},

pages = {356-62},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To determine the effect of the Meniett low-pressure generator on the subjective symptoms and audiovestibular disease markers of patients with unilateral Meni`eretextquoterights disease unresponsive to betahistine treatment.
\textbf{METHODS: }Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial at a tertiary referral centre. After ventilation tube placement, patients were randomised to the active treatment or placebo group. Monitoring comprised audiometry and air caloric testing and a vertigo diary (enabling calculation of vertigo and activity scores, and the number of vertigo days, vertigo-free days and sick days).
\textbf{RESULTS: }Sixty-eight patients completed the study. For the active treatment versus placebo group, the following pre- and post-treatment values, and significances for treatment effect comparisons, were respectively seen: cumulative vertigo scores, 22.47 and 15.97 vs 20.42 and 19.23 (p = 0.048); vertigo days, 6.5 and 4.08 vs 5.94 and 5.52 (p = 0.102); sick days, 3.08 and 0.78 vs 2.87 and 3.45 (p = 0.041); vertigo-free days, 14.47 and 17.61 vs 15.48 and 17.58 (p = 0.362); activity score, 23.61 and 13.42 vs 24.68 and 20.23 (p = 0.078); low-tone hearing threshold, 49.15 and 53.18 dB nHL vs 41.66 and 46.10 dB nHL (p > 0.05); and slow phase velocity in response to caloric stimulation, 18.86 and 18.72 textdegree/second vs 14.97 and 15.95 textdegree/second, (p > 0.05).
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Use of the Meniett low-pressure generator improved patientstextquoteright vertigo but not their hearing or vestibular function. This safe, minimally invasive treatment is recommended as second-line treatment for unilateral Meni`eretextquoterights disease.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK269,

title = {Clinical practice guideline: sudden hearing loss.},

author = {Stachler, Robert J and Chandrasekhar, Sujana S and Archer, Sanford M and Rosenfeld, Richard M and Schwartz, Seth R and Barrs, David M and Brown, Steven R and Fife, Terry D and Ford, Peg and Ganiats, Theodore G and Hollingsworth, Deena B and Lewandowski, Christopher A and Montano, Joseph J and Saunders, James E and Tucci, Debara L and Valente, Michael and Warren, Barbara E and Yaremchuk, Kathleen L and Robertson, Peter J},

doi = {10.1177/0194599812436449},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-03-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {146},

pages = {S1-35},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }Sudden hearing loss (SHL) is a frightening symptom that often prompts an urgent or emergent visit to a physician. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients who present with SHL. The guideline primarily focuses on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in adult patients (aged 18 and older). Prompt recognition and management of SSNHL may improve hearing recovery and patient quality of life (QOL). Sudden sensorineural hearing loss affects 5 to 20 per 100,000 population, with about 4000 new cases per year in the United States. This guideline is intended for all clinicians who diagnose or manage adult patients who present with SHL.
\textbf{PURPOSE: }The purpose of this guideline is to provide clinicians with evidence-based recommendations in evaluating patients with SHL, with particular emphasis on managing SSNHL. The panel recognized that patients enter the health care system with SHL as a nonspecific, primary complaint. Therefore, the initial recommendations of the guideline deal with efficiently distinguishing SSNHL from other causes of SHL at the time of presentation. By focusing on opportunities for quality improvement, the guideline should improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate prompt intervention, decrease variations in management, reduce unnecessary tests and imaging procedures, and improve hearing and rehabilitative outcomes for affected patients.
\textbf{RESULTS: }The panel made strong recommendations that clinicians should (1) distinguish sensorineural hearing loss from conductive hearing loss in a patient presenting with SHL; (2) educate patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) about the natural history of the condition, the benefits and risks of medical interventions, and the limitations of existing evidence regarding efficacy; and (3) counsel patients with incomplete recovery of hearing about the possible benefits of amplification and hearing-assistive technology and other supportive measures. The panel made recommendations that clinicians should (1) assess patients with presumptive SSNHL for bilateral SHL, recurrent episodes of SHL, or focal neurologic findings; (2) diagnose presumptive ISSNHL if audiometry confirms a 30-dB hearing loss at 3 consecutive frequencies and an underlying condition cannot be identified by history and physical examination; (3) evaluate patients with ISSNHL for retrocochlear pathology by obtaining magnetic resonance imaging, auditory brainstem response, or audiometric follow-up; (4) offer intratympanic steroid perfusion when patients have incomplete recovery from ISSNHL after failure of initial management; and (5) obtain follow-up audiometric evaluation within 6 months of diagnosis for patients with ISSNHL. The panel offered as options that clinicians may offer (1) corticosteroids as initial therapy to patients with ISSNHL and (2) hyperbaric oxygen therapy within 3 months of diagnosis of ISSNHL. The panel made a recommendation against clinicians routinely prescribing antivirals, thrombolytics, vasodilators, vasoactive substances, or antioxidants to patients with ISSNHL. The panel made strong recommendations against clinicians (1) ordering computerized tomography of the head/brain in the initial evaluation of a patient with presumptive SSNHL and (2) obtaining routine laboratory tests in patients with ISSNHL.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK63,

title = {Artificial neural network posturography detects the transition of vestibular neuritis to phobic postural vertigo.},

author = {Brandt, Thomas and Strupp, Michael and Novozhilov, Sergey and Krafczyk, Siegbert},

doi = {10.1007/s00415-011-6124-8},

issn = {1432-1459},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {J Neurol},

volume = {259},

pages = {182-4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK40,

title = {[The long-term results of treatment of M'eni`eretextquoterights disease with intratympanic injections of gentamicin].},

author = {Gaw{k e}cki, Wojciech and Szyfter, Witold and L{k a}czkowska-Przybylska, Joanna and Szyfter-Harris, Joanna},

doi = {10.1016/S0030-6657(12)70744-8},

issn = {0030-6657},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Pol},

volume = {66},

pages = {20-6},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To estimate the results of treatment of M'eni`eretextquoterights disease with intratympanic injections of gentamicin.
\textbf{MATERIAL: }37 patients with defined, pharmacological treatment resistant M'eni`eretextquoterights disease treated in Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology of University of Medical Sciences in Pozna'n with intratympanic injections of gentamicin from 2001 to 2010 year.
\textbf{METHODS: }Patients were injected intratympanic with 0.3 ml (12 mg) of gentamicin once or few times with 7 days or longer breaks and a number of injections depended on the reaction of the inner ear. We estimated the patientstextquoteright subjective feelings and results of equilibrium and hearing organ examination in early (3 months) and late (2 years) period after treatment.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Complete control of vertigo (class A) was achieved in 84.6%, and complete and essential control (class A and B) in 96.1%. Hearing deterioration usually mild or moderate was observed directly after treatment in 16.2% and after 2 years in 23% patients. The results of pure tone audiometry showed deterioration of hearing in 16.2% (early) and 26.9% (late). In 1 patient hearing deterioration was essential.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }Intratympanic injections of gentamicin are effective and not troublesome method of treatment of pharmacological treatment resistant M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. In most of patients hearing can be preserved, but they should be always informed about possible risk of hearing deterioration. The number of injections and breaks between them depends on the effect of therapy and of expectations of patients.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK85,

title = {Recurrence of vertigo in patients with vestibular neuritis.},

author = {Kim, Young Hyo and Kim, Kyu-Sung and Kim, Kyu Jin and Choi, Hoseok and Choi, Jeong-Seok and Hwang, In Kug},

doi = {10.3109/00016489.2011.593551},

issn = {1651-2251},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-11-01},

journal = {Acta Otolaryngol},

volume = {131},

pages = {1172-7},

abstract = {
\textbf{UNLABELLED: }CONCLUSION. The recurrence rate of vertigo due to any cause in patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) was about 26.0% in our study. No clinical characteristics were significantly associated with recurrences.
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }We aimed to: 1) determine the prevalence of recurrent VN; 2) compare the clinical characteristics and epidemiologic factors of patients with non-recurrent and recurrent VN; and 3) determine the prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in patients with VN.
\textbf{METHODS: }In 131 patients diagnosed as having VN (68 males, aged 49.8 textpm 14.9 years and 63 females, aged 57.5 textpm 12.5 years), a retrospective chart review and telephone survey about the recurrent vertigo were performed. Vestibular function testing, inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pure tone audiograms were performed on every patient. Vestibular function testing was repeated in patients with recurrences.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Fourteen of 131 patients (10.7%) had recurrent VN. The subjective intensity of recurrent VN was less than the first attack. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as accompanying headache or preceding respiratory infection and in epidemiologic risk factors between patients with recurrent and non-recurrent VN. Twenty of 131 patients (15.3%) experienced BPPV during the follow-up period.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK75,

title = {Auditory and vestibular defects induced by experimental labyrinthitis following herpes simplex virus in mice.},

author = {Esaki, Shinichi and Goshima, Fumi and Kimura, Hiroshi and Ikeda, Shuta and Katsumi, Sachiyo and Kabaya, Kayoko and Watanabe, Nobuhiro and Hashiba, Motoyuki and Nishiyama, Yukihiro and Murakami, Shingo},

doi = {10.3109/00016489.2010.546808},

issn = {1651-2251},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-07-01},

journal = {Acta Otolaryngol},

volume = {131},

pages = {684-91},

abstract = {
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Our herpes simplex virus (HSV) labyrinthitis mouse model suggests that HSV infection induces vestibular neuritis and sudden deafness.
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }Viral labyrinthitis has been postulated to play a role in vestibular neuritis and sudden deafness. We established a mouse model to investigate the pathogenesis of HSV-induced labyrinthitis. The relationship between HSV infection and apoptosis in the labyrinth was assessed.
\textbf{METHODS: }HSV types 1 and 2 were inoculated into the middle ear of mice, and the function of the cochlear and vestibular nerves was assessed. Histopathological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Anti-HSV immunohistochemistry staining and TUNEL staining were done to investigate the relationship between HSV-infected cells and apoptotic cells.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction were observed in all mice after inoculation of HSV type 1 or 2. In the cochlear duct, columnar epithelial cells in the stria vascularis were infected with HSV, but only a portion of the infected cells underwent apoptosis. In contrast, many uninfected cells in the spiral organ of Corti were apoptotic. Vestibular dysfunction was observed when vestibular ganglion cells were largely infected, but not apoptotic. These findings recapitulate sudden deafness and vestibular neuritis described in patients.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK62,

title = {Epidemiology of vertigo: a National Survey.},

author = {Lai, Ying-Ta and Wang, Ting-Chuan and Chuang, Li-Ju and Chen, Ming-Hsu and Wang, Pa-Chun},

doi = {10.1177/0194599811400007},

issn = {1097-6817},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-07-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg},

volume = {145},

pages = {110-6},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To investigate the epidemiology of vertigo among the general adult population in Taiwan using the National Health Insurance claims database.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Cross-sectional study.
\textbf{SETTING: }Data were retrieved from the 2006 National Health Insurance claims database.Subjects and Methods. Claims data were retrieved for patients 18 years or older with a diagnosis of vertigo (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 078.81, 386.XX, or 780.4) from January to December 2006. The authors describe the prevalence and recurrence of vertigo and the medical resource utilization associated with its treatment. Logistic regression models are used to assess the independent effects of age, sex, seasonal variation, institutional level of care, and specialty of care on the risk of vertigo recurrence.
\textbf{RESULTS: }A total of 527,807 adult patients (mean textpm SD age, 55.1 textpm 17.3 years; 1:1.96 ratio of men to women) experienced vertigo in 2006. The prevalence of vertigo was 3.13 cases per 100 adults. Within 1 year of their index vertigo attack, 199,210 patients (37.7%) experienced recurrence. The prevalence and recurrence of vertigo increased significantly with age (P < .001 for both, xtexttwosuperior test). Age, sex, seasonal variation, institutional level of care, and specialty of care had various effects on the risk of vertigo recurrence.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Vertigo is a major health burden among the general adult population and tends to recur, particularly among older women
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK71,

title = {Diagnostic accuracy of acute vestibular syndrome at the bedside in a stroke unit.},

author = {Chen, L and Lee, W and Chambers, B R and Dewey, H M},

doi = {10.1007/s00415-010-5853-4},

issn = {1432-1459},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-05-01},

journal = {J Neurol},

volume = {258},

pages = {855-61},

abstract = {
Acute vestibular syndrome may be due to vestibular neuritis (VN) or posterior circulation strokes. Bedside ocular motor testing performed by experts is superior to early MRI in excluding strokes. We sought to demonstrate that differentiation of strokes from VN in our stroke unit is reliable. During a prospective study at a tertiary hospital over 1 year, patients with AVS were evaluated in the emergency department (ED) and underwent admission with targeted examination: gait, gaze-holding, horizontal head impulse test (hHIT), testing for skew deviation (SD) and vertical smooth pursuit (vSP). Neuroimaging included CT, transcranial Doppler (TCD) and MRI with MR angiogram (MRA). VN was diagnosed with normal diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and absence of neurological deficits on follow-up. Acute strokes were confirmed with DWI. A total of 24 patients with AVS were enrolled and divided in two groups. In the pure vestibular group (n = 20), all VN (n = 10/10) had positive hHIT and unidirectional nystagmus, but 1 patient had SD and abnormal vertical smooth pursuit (SP). In all the strokes (n = 10/10), one of the following signs suggestive of central lesion was present: negative hHIT, central-type nystagmus, SD or abnormal vSP. Finding one of these was 100% sensitive and 90% specific for stroke. In the cochleovestibular group (n = 4) all had normal DWI, but 3 patients had central ocular motor signs (abnormal vertical SP and SD). Whilst the study is small, classification of AVS in our stroke unit is reliable. The sensitivity and specificity of bedside ocular motor testing are comparable to those previously reported by expert neuro-otologists. Acute cochleovestibular loss and normal DWI may signify a labyrinthine infarct but differentiating between different causes of inner ear dysfunction is not possible with bedside testing.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK99,

title = {Defining the herpes simplex virus-specific CD8+ T cell repertoire in C57BL/6 mice.},

author = {St Leger, Anthony J and Peters, Bjoern and Sidney, John and Sette, Alessandro and Hendricks, Robert L},

doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.1003735},

issn = {1550-6606},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-04-01},

journal = {J Immunol},

volume = {186},

pages = {3927-33},

abstract = {
HSV type 1 (HSV-1) expresses its genes sequentially as immediate early (α), early (β), leaky late (γ1), and true late (γ2), where viral DNA synthesis is an absolute prerequisite only for γ2 gene expression. The γ1 protein glycoprotein B (gB) contains a strongly immunodominant CD8(+) T cell epitope (gB(498-505)) that is recognized by 50% of both the CD8(+) effector T cells in acutely infected trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the CD8(+) memory T cells in latently infected TG. Of 376 predicted HSV-1 CD8(+) T cell epitopes in C57BL/6 mice, 19 (gB(498-505) and 18 subdominant epitopes) stimulated CD8(+) T cells in the spleens and TG of HSV-1 acutely infected mice. These 19 epitopes identified virtually all CD8(+) T cells in the infected TG that represent all or the vast majority of the HSV-specific CD8(+) TCR repertoire. Only 11 of ~84 HSV-1 proteins are recognized by CD8(+) T cells, and most (~80%) are expressed before viral DNA synthesis. Neither the immunodominance of gB(498-505) nor the dominance hierarchy of the subdominant epitopes is due solely to MHC or TCR affinity. We conclude that the vast majority of CD8(+) T cells in HSV-1 acutely infected TG are HSV specific, that HSV-1 β and γ1 proteins that are expressed before viral DNA synthesis are favored targets of CD8(+) T cells, and that dominance within the TCR repertoire is likely due to the frequency or expansion and survival characteristics of CD8(+) T cell precursors.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK105,

title = {Circulating herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)-specific CD8+ T cells do not access HSV-1 latently infected trigeminal ganglia.},

author = {Himmelein, Susanne and St Leger, Anthony J and Knickelbein, Jared E and Rowe, Alexander and Freeman, Michael L and Hendricks, Robert L},

doi = {10.1186/2042-4280-2-5},

issn = {2042-4280},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-03-01},

journal = {Herpesviridae},

volume = {2},

pages = {5},

abstract = {
\textbf{BACKGROUND: }Therapeutic vaccines can be designed to enhance existing T cell memory populations for increased protection against re-infection. In the case of herpes simplex virus type 1, recurrent disease results from reactivation of latent virus in sensory ganglia, which is controlled in part by a ganglia-resident HSV-specific memory CD8+ T cell population. Thus, an important goal of a therapeutic HSV-1 vaccine would be to enhance this population.
\textbf{METHODS: }HSV-1-infected mice were treated with TAK-779 to block CCR5- and CXCR3-mediated CD8+ T cell migration during both acute and latent infections. Additionally, HSV-1-specific CD8+ T cells were transferred into HSV-1 latently infected mice to mimic the effect of a therapeutic vaccine, and their migration into trigeminal ganglia (TG) was traced during steady-state latency, or during recovery of the TG-resident memory CD8+ T cell population following stress-, and corticosterone-induced depletion and HSV-1 reactivation from latency. Bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) incorporation measured cell proliferation in vivo.
\textbf{RESULTS: }TAK-779 treatment during acute HSV-1 infection reduced the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells but did not alter the number of viral genome copies. TAK-779 treatment during HSV latency did not affect the size of the TG-resident memory CD8+ T cell population. Transferred HSV-specific CD8+ T cells failed to access latently infected TG during steady-state latency, or during recovery of the TG resident HSV-specific CD8+ T cell population following exposure of latently infected mice to stress and corticosterone. Recovery of the HSV-specific CD8+ T cell population after stress and corticosterone treatment occurred with homeostatic levels of cell division and did not require CD4+ T cell help.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }Our findings are consistent with the notion that the CD8+ T cells in latently infected TG are a tissue-resident memory (Trm) population that is maintained without replenishment from the periphery, and that when this population is disrupted, it recovers without proliferation or detectable recruitment of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells from the blood. The compartmentalization of the HSV-specific CD8+ memory T cell population in latently infected TG will complicate the design of therapeutic vaccines.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK102,

title = {A marked reduction in priming of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells mediated by stress-induced glucocorticoids involves multiple deficiencies in cross-presentation by dendritic cells.},

author = {Hunzeker, John T and Elftman, Michael D and Mellinger, Jennifer C and Princiotta, Michael F and Bonneau, Robert H and Truckenmiller, Mary E and Norbury, Christopher C},

doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.1001737},

issn = {1550-6606},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {J Immunol},

volume = {186},

pages = {183-94},

abstract = {
Protracted psychological stress elevates circulating glucocorticoids, which can suppress CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Dendritic cells (DCs), required for initiating CTL responses, are vulnerable to stress/corticosterone, which can contribute to diminished CTL responses. Cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells by DCs is required for initiating CTL responses against many intracellular pathogens that do not infect DCs. We examined the effects of stress/corticosterone on MHC class I (MHC I) cross-presentation and priming and show that stress/corticosterone-exposed DCs have a reduced ability to cross-present OVA and activate MHC I-OVA(257-264)-specific T cells. Using a murine model of psychological stress and OVA-loaded β(2)-microglobulin knockout "donor" cells that cannot present Ag, DCs from stressed mice induced markedly less Ag-specific CTL proliferation in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner, and endogenous in vivo T cell cytolytic activity generated by cross-presented Ag was greatly diminished. These deficits in cross-presentation/priming were not due to altered Ag donation, Ag uptake (phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, or fluid-phase uptake), or costimulatory molecule expression by DCs. However, proteasome activity in corticosterone-treated DCs or splenic DCs from stressed mice was partially suppressed, which limits formation of antigenic peptide-MHC I complexes. In addition, the lymphoid tissue-resident CD11b(-)CD24(+)CD8α(+) DC subset, which carries out cross-presentation/priming, was preferentially depleted in stressed mice. At the same time, CD11b(-)CD24(+)CD8α(-) DC precursors were increased, suggesting a block in development of CD8α(+) DCs. Therefore, glucocorticoid-induced changes in both the cellular composition of the immune system and intracellular protein degradation contribute to impaired CTL priming in stressed mice.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK74,

title = {Latency of herpes simplex virus type-1 in human geniculate and vestibular ganglia is associated with infiltration of CD8+ T cells.},

author = {Arbusow, Viktor and Derfuss, Tobias and Held, Kathrin and Himmelein, Susanne and Strupp, Michael and Gurkov, Robert and Brandt, Thomas and Theil, Diethilde},

doi = {10.1002/jmv.21904},

issn = {1096-9071},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-01},

journal = {J Med Virol},

volume = {82},

pages = {1917-20},

abstract = {
Herpes simplex virus type-1 latency and CD8+ T-cell occurrence were investigated in the trigeminal, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia from seven deceased humans. The HSV-1 "latency-associated transcript" was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative RT-PCR. Infiltration of CD8+ T cell was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. The data show that HSV-1 latency and CD8+ T-cell infiltration are not solely confined to the trigeminal ganglia but can also occur in other cranial ganglia along the neuroaxis. However, the HSV-1 latency transcripts in the geniculate and vestibular ganglia were expressed at a very low level. The difference in CD8 transcript levels among HSV-1 latently infected trigeminal ganglia, geniculate, and vestibular ganglia was less conspicuous. Colocalization of latent HSV-1 and CD8+ T cells in geniculate and vestibular ganglia supports further the hypothesis that HSV-1 reactivation is possible in these ganglia and is the cause of Belltextquoterights palsy and vestibular neuritis.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK88,

title = {[Recording cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Part 2: influencing factors, evaluation of findings and clinical significance].},

author = {Walther, L E and H{ö}rmann, K and Pfaar, O},

doi = {10.1007/s00106-010-2184-9},

issn = {1433-0458},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-11-01},

journal = {HNO},

volume = {58},

pages = {1129-42; quiz 1143},

abstract = {
VEMP measurements are subject to various influencing factors: patient age, threshold, sound intensity and frequency. Using air (AC) and bone conduction (BC) the vestibular receptors and afferents of the otolith organs can be activated to varying degrees. Recordings of cervical (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) are clinically possible. AC-cVEMP are primarily an indicator of the sacculocollic reflex pathway. Together with findings on the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) and complimentary otolith tests, VEMP enable otolith function analysis of each side separately. In addition, the distinction between combined or isolated canal and otolith dysfunction in terms of subtyping and patterns of damage in mono- and bilateral disorders, such as vestibular neuritis or bilateral vestibulopathy, is possible. Moreover, VEMP is relevant in terms of prognostic and therapeutic considerations as well as expert assessments.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK58,

title = {Endolymphatic sac shunt, labyrinthectomy, and vestibular nerve section in Menieretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Teufert, Karen B and Doherty, Joni},

doi = {10.1016/j.otc.2010.05.014},

issn = {1557-8259},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-10-01},

journal = {Otolaryngol Clin North Am},

volume = {43},

pages = {1091-111},

abstract = {
Medical treatment for Menieretextquoterights disease is effective in controlling vertigo for approximately 85% of patients. However, when disabling vertigo continues, surgical therapy is indicated. Several surgical approaches are performed to control the symptoms of peripheral vestibular disorders refractory to medical measures, each procedure having many technical variations. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with disabling vertigo. Here, the authors discuss surgical options for vertigo control in Menieretextquoterights disease and review the literature on outcomes of these management options. The authors discuss endolymphatic sac shunt (ie, endolymphatic mastoid shunt), vestibular nerve section, cochleosacculotomy, and labyrinthectomy. When looking at data based on patient ratings, the authors find that surgery improves vertigo in endolymphatic sac shunt, vestibular nerve section, and labyrinthectomy groups and improves imbalance for the endolymphatic sac shunt and vestibular nerve section groups. Labyrinthectomy and translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section both offer excellent control of intractable vertigo. However, patients undergoing translab yrinthine vestibular nerve section are more likely to show improvement in imbalance and functional disability. This outcome is more likely for diagnoses other than Menieretextquoterights disease. There are potential prognostic factors that can be helpful in the preoperative or postoperative counseling of patients undergoing surgical treatment of vertigo. Patients who rate themselves as more disabled before surgery are less likely to achieve the best outcomes. Several other factors, such as duration of disease, contralateral tinnitus, eye disease, and allergy, may play a role.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK89,

title = {Role of subjective visual vertical test during eccentric rotation in the recovery phase of vestibular neuritis.},

author = {Byun, Jae Yong and Hong, Seok Min and Yeo, Seung Geun and Kim, Sang Hoon and Kim, Sung Wan and Park, Moon Suh},

doi = {10.1016/j.anl.2010.02.004},

issn = {1879-1476},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-10-01},

journal = {Auris Nasus Larynx},

volume = {37},

pages = {565-9},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }By assessing unilateral utricular function at the acute and subacute stages, we sought to determine the ability of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) during eccentric rotation (dynamic SVV) in detecting latent abnormality of otolith dysfunction in unilateral vestibular neuritis. In addition, we compared the validity of the dynamic SVV with static SVV during the compensated recovery phase.
\textbf{METHODS: }The static SVV and dynamic SVV of 19 patients diagnosed with acute unilateral vestibular neuritis and 31 patients diagnosed with the subacute stage of vestibular neuritis were determined in this study. First, the static SVV was measured in a dark booth without rotation. The dynamic SVV was measured during rotation with an eccentric displacement of the head to 3.5cm from the vertical rotation axis during a constant velocity of 300 degrees /s.
\textbf{RESULTS: }In the acute stage of vestibular neuritis, the static SVV showed an increase in deviation to the side of the lesion compared to findings in normal subjects. In the subacute stage, it did not differ significantly from that of the normal subjects. The dynamic SVV, however, had a statistically significant increase in deviation to the side of the lesion compared to normal subjects in both the acute and subacute stages.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }The dynamic SVV would be an effective method in detecting latent abnormality of otolith dysfunction in unilateral vestibular neuritis, compared to static SVV, especially compensated unilateral vestibular neuritis.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK106,

title = {Characterization of the host immune response in human Ganglia after herpes zoster.},

author = {Gowrishankar, Kavitha and Steain, Megan and Cunningham, Anthony L and Rodriguez, Michael and Blumbergs, Peter and Slobedman, Barry and Abendroth, Allison},

doi = {10.1128/JVI.01020-10},

issn = {1098-5514},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-09-01},

journal = {J Virol},

volume = {84},

pages = {8861-70},

abstract = {
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chicken pox) and establishes latency in ganglia, from where it reactivates to cause herpes zoster (shingles), which is often followed by postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), causing severe neuropathic pain that can last for years after the rash. Despite the major impact of herpes zoster and PHN on quality of life, the nature and kinetics of the virus-immune cell interactions that result in ganglion damage have not been defined. We obtained rare material consisting of seven sensory ganglia from three donors who had suffered from herpes zoster between 1 and 4.5 months before death but who had not died from herpes zoster. We performed immunostaining to investigate the site of VZV infection and to phenotype immune cells in these ganglia. VZV antigen was localized almost exclusively to neurons, and in at least one case it persisted long after resolution of the rash. The large immune infiltrate consisted of noncytolytic CD8(+) T cells, with lesser numbers of CD4(+) T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages and no dendritic cells. VZV antigen-positive neurons did not express detectable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, nor did CD8(+) T cells surround infected neurons, suggesting that mechanisms of immune control may not be dependent on direct contact. This is the first report defining the nature of the immune response in ganglia following herpes zoster and provides evidence for persistence of non-latency-associated viral antigen and inflammation beyond rash resolution.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK100,

title = {Delaying the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B (gB) to a true late gene alters neurovirulence and inhibits the gB-CD8+ T-cell response in the trigeminal ganglion.},

author = {Ramachandran, Srividya and Davoli, Katherine A and Yee, Michael B and Hendricks, Robert L and Kinchington, Paul R},

doi = {10.1128/JVI.00496-10},

issn = {1098-5514},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-09-01},

journal = {J Virol},

volume = {84},

pages = {8811-20},

abstract = {
Following herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular infection of C57BL/6 mice, activated CD8(+) T cells specific for an immunodominant epitope on HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB-CD8 cells) establish a stable memory population in HSV-1 latently infected trigeminal ganglia (TG), whereas non-HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells are lost over time. The retention and activation of gB-CD8 cells appear to be influenced by persistent viral antigenic exposure within the latently infected TG. We hypothesized that the low-level expression of gB from its native promoter before viral DNA synthesis is critical for the retention and activation of gB-CD8 cells in the TG during HSV-1 latency and for their ability to block HSV-1 reactivation from latency. To test this, we created a recombinant HSV-1 in which gB is expressed only after viral DNA synthesis from the true late gC promoter (gCp-gB). Despite minor growth differences compared to its rescuant in infected corneas, gCp-gB was significantly growth impaired in the TG and produced a reduced latent genome load. The gCp-gB- and rescuant-infected mice mounted similar gB-CD8 effector responses, but the size and activation phenotypes of the memory gB-CD8 cells were diminished in gCp-gB latently infected TG, suggesting that the stimulation of gB-CD8 cells requires gB expression before viral DNA synthesis. Surprisingly, late gB expression did not compromise the capacity of gB-CD8 cells to inhibit HSV-1 reactivation from latency in ex vivo TG cultures, suggesting that gB-CD8 cells can block HSV-1 reactivation at a very late stage in the viral life cycle. These data have implications for designing better immunogens for vaccines to prevent HSV-1 reactivation.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK87,

title = {Effect of bone-conducted vibration of the midline forehead (Fz) in unilateral vestibular loss (uVL). Evidence for a new indicator of unilateral otolithic function.},

author = {Manzari, L and Burgess, A M and Curthoys, I S},

issn = {1827-675X},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-08-01},

journal = {Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital},

volume = {30},

pages = {175},

abstract = {
Recently, a new indicator of vestibular otolithic function has been reported: it is a series of negative-positive myogenic potentials recorded by surface electrodes on the skin beneath the eyes in response to bone-conducted vibration (BCV) delivered to the forehead at the hairline in the midline (Fz). The potential is called the ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and the first component of this (n10) is a small (approximately 8 microV), short latency (~ 10 ms), negative potential. In healthy subjects, who are looking up, the n10 responses to Fz bone-conducted vibration are symmetrical beneath the two eyes. In the present investigation, in 17 patients with unilateral surgical vestibular loss, marked asymmetries were observed between the n10 beneath the two eyes: n10 is small or absent beneath the eye on the side opposite the operated ear, confirming previous evidence that n10 is a crossed vestibulo-ocular response unlike p13 of bone-conducted vibration cervical VEMPs (cVEMPs) is a ipsilateral vestibular response and also it is absent in this type of subjects. These results, together with evidence from patients with superior vestibular neuritis allow us to conclude: the asymmetry of the n10 response to Fz bone-conducted vibration is an indicator of utricular macula/superior vestibular nerve dysfunction on the operated side in patients with unilateral vestibular loss.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK84,

title = {Vestibular neuritis: recurrence and incidence of secondary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.},

author = {Mandal{`a}, Marco and Santoro, Giovanni Paolo and Awrey, Julianne and Nuti, Daniele},

doi = {10.3109/00016480903311278},

issn = {1651-2251},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-05-01},

journal = {Acta Otolaryngol},

volume = {130},

pages = {565-7},

abstract = {
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }Recurrence of vestibular neuritis (VN) is a rare event in long-term follow-up. The incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in VN patients represents a quite common outcome. To our knowledge, this study represents the only long-term longitudinal study on recurrence of VN and incidence of secondary BPPV in VN.
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To study a large number of VN patients longitudinally to identify the recurrence rate of VN and incidence of BPPV, other peripheral vestibular disorders, sudden hearing loss or Belltextquoterights palsy.
\textbf{METHODS: }This prospective cohort study assessed a VN patient-based clinic population. All patients received a complete bedside clinical examination and caloric irrigation.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Long-term (range 4-6 years, mean 4.9 years) longitudinal follow-up examination of 51 VN patients demonstrated a low recurrence rate (1/51 patients, 2.0%). With recurrence, VN affected the same ear after 6 months and caused less severe symptoms. BPPV appears to be more frequent (5/51 patients, 9.8%) in VN patients than in the general population, consistently affecting the posterior canal of the same ear. BPPV occurrence after VN predominantly affects VN patients who did not fully recover from the disease. Moreover, BPPV after VN appears to be more difficult to treat than idiopathic BPPV.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK90,

title = {Psychological assessment in patients with phobic postural vertigo.},

author = {Ferreira, Liliani Souza Dos Santos and Pereira, Cristiana Borges and Rossini, Sueli and Kanashiro, Aline Mizuta Kozoroski and Adda, Carla Cristina and Scaff, Milberto},

issn = {1678-4227},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-04-01},

journal = {Arq Neuropsiquiatr},

volume = {68},

pages = {224-7},

abstract = {
\textbf{UNLABELLED: }Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is a frequent diagnosis which can be challenging to treat.
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To investigate the presence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with PPV; to assess the psychological status of patients using adaptive diagnosis; to verify possible correlations between severity of psychiatric disturbance and adaptive efficacy.
\textbf{METHOD: }A total of nineteen subjects were assessed and two instruments applied: the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Questionnaire (PRIME-MD) and the Adaptive Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), and results from both tests were compared.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Fourteen patients presented with mood disorder and thirteen with anxiety. All patients presented compromised adaptive efficacy. Correlation was found between overall outcome on the PRIME and the AODS (tau= -0.42},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK101,

title = {Stress-induced glucocorticoids at the earliest stages of herpes simplex virus-1 infection suppress subsequent antiviral immunity, implicating impaired dendritic cell function.},

author = {Elftman, Michael D and Hunzeker, John T and Mellinger, Jennifer C and Bonneau, Robert H and Norbury, Christopher C and Truckenmiller, Mary E},

doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.0902469},

issn = {1550-6606},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-02-01},

journal = {J Immunol},

volume = {184},

pages = {1867-75},

abstract = {
The systemic elevation of psychological stress-induced glucocorticoids strongly suppresses CD8(+) T cell immune responses resulting in diminished antiviral immunity. However, the specific cellular targets of stress/glucocorticoids, the timing of exposure, the chronology of immunological events, and the underlying mechanisms of this impairment are incompletely understood. In this study, we address each of these questions in the context of a murine cutaneous HSV infection. We show that exposure to stress or corticosterone in only the earliest stages of an HSV-1 infection is sufficient to suppress, in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner, the subsequent antiviral immune response after stress/corticosterone has been terminated. This suppression resulted in early onset and delayed resolution of herpetic lesions, reduced viral clearance at the site of infection and draining popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs), and impaired functions of HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells in PLNs, including granzyme B and IFN-gamma production and the ability to degranulate. In knockout mice lacking glucocorticoid receptors only in T cells, we show that these impaired CD8(+) T cell functions are not due to direct effects of stress/corticosterone on the T cells, but the ability of PLN-derived dendritic cells to prime HSV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells is functionally impaired. These findings highlight the susceptibility of critical early events in the generation of an antiviral immune response to neuroendocrine modulation and implicate dendritic cells as targets of stress/glucocorticoids in vivo. These findings also provide insight into the mechanisms by which the clinical use of glucocorticoids contributes to altered immune responses in patients with viral infections or tumors.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK275,

title = {Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after intravenous cocaine injection: a case report and review of the literature.},

author = {Stenner, Markus and St{ü}rmer, Konrad and Beutner, Dirk and Klussmann, Jens Peter},

doi = {10.1002/lary.20711},

issn = {1531-4995},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-12-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {119},

pages = {2441-3},

abstract = {
Little is known about the effects of intravenous abuse of cocaine, especially on the inner ear. We report on a 26-year-old man who presented to our outpatient department with a sudden severe hearing loss after intravenous injection of cocaine. The audiogram on admission showed symmetric air conduction levels up to 80 dB at 4 kHz. After treatment with intravenous sodium chloride, prednisolone, and pentoxifylline, the audiogram 2 days later showed a bilateral normacusis. A review of the literature on the topic is given and possible reasons for inner ear damages caused by cocaine are discussed.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK64,

title = {Vestibular neuritis.},

author = {Strupp, Michael and Brandt, Thomas},

doi = {10.1055/s-0029-1241040},

issn = {1098-9021},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-11-01},

journal = {Semin Neurol},

volume = {29},

pages = {509-19},

abstract = {
The key signs and symptoms of vestibular neuritis are rotatory vertigo with an acute onset lasting several days, horizontal spontaneous nystagmus (with a rotational component) toward the unaffected ear, a pathologic head-impulse test toward the affected ear, a deviation of the subjective visual vertical toward the affected ear, postural imbalance with falls toward the affected ear, and nausea. The head-impulse test and caloric irrigation show an ipsilateral deficit of the vestibuloocular reflex. Vestibular neuritis is the third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. It has an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population and accounts for 7% of the patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo. The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is the most likely cause, as HSV-1 DNA and RNA have been detected in human vestibular ganglia. Vestibular neuritis is a diagnosis of exclusion. Relevant differential diagnoses are vestibular pseudoneuritis due to acute pontomedullary brainstem lesions or cerebellar nodular infarctions, vestibular migraine, and monosymptomatically beginning M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. Recovery from vestibular neuritis is due to a combination of (a) peripheral restoration of labyrinthine function, usually incomplete but can be improved by early treatment with corticosteroids, which cause a recovery rate of 62% within 12 months; (b) mainly somatosensory and visual substitution; and (c) central compensation, which can be improved by vestibular exercise.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK48,

title = {Vestibular neurectomy vs. chemical labyrinthectomy in the treatment of disabling Meni`eretextquoterights disease: a long-term comparative study.},

author = {Schmerber, S{'e}bastien and Dumas, Georges and Morel, Nils and Chahine, Karim and Karkas, Alexandre},

doi = {10.1016/j.anl.2008.08.001},

issn = {1879-1476},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-08-01},

journal = {Auris Nasus Larynx},

volume = {36},

pages = {400-5},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To compare the efficiency of vestibular neurectomy (VN) and chemical labyrinthectomy (CL) in the treatment of Meni`eretextquoterights diseasetextquoterights disabling vertigo, and to assess their subsequent effects on hearing.
\textbf{METHODS: }This is a retrospective study of 58 VN procedures and 35 CL procedures. Treatment results were assessed by caloric testing and pure-tone audiometry performed before and after treatment. Subjective success was defined by the number of recurrent attacks of vertigo and by the AAO-HNS vertigo scale.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Caloric testing revealed strong vestibular hyporeflexia in 91.0% of VN cases and 86.0% of CL cases. Vertigo recurred in 7.0% of cases in the VN group and in 11.4% of cases in the CL group. Mean pure-tone auditory thresholds increased from 45.00dB HL to 50.84dB HL (p=0.19) in the VN group and from 69.11dB HL to 74.51dB HL (p=0.41) in the CL group.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Vestibular neurectomy and chemical labyrinthectomy offer similar control of vertigo in patients with Meni`eretextquoterights disease. CL is a simple, minimally invasive procedure that emerges as an effective method for treating Meni`eretextquoterights disabling vertigo without causing significant hearing deterioration.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK41,

title = {Hearing results following intratympanic gentamicin perfusion for M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Kyrodimos, E and Aidonis, I and Sismanis, A},

doi = {10.1017/S0022215108003150},

issn = {1748-5460},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-04-01},

journal = {J Laryngol Otol},

volume = {123},

pages = {379-82},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To evaluate hearing results following intratympanic gentamicin perfusion in patients with M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.
\textbf{MATERIALS AND METHODS: }Middle-ear perfusion of 0.4 ml of gentamicin 40 mg/ml solution was performed in M'eni`eretextquoterights disease patients who had previously failed to respond to other medical treatment.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Between May 1999 and November 2005, 22 patients (mean age 58.5 years) underwent intratympanic gentamicin perfusion. Mean follow up was 30 months. At the first post-perfusion visit (four to six weeks following perfusion), three of the 22 patients (13.63 per cent) had a pure tone average improvement of at least 10 dB, 15 (68.18 per cent) showed no change and four (18.18 per cent) demonstrated a decrease in hearing of more than 10 dB. Regarding speech discrimination scores, one patient (4.54 per cent) exhibited an improvement of at least 15 per cent, 15 (68.18 per cent) showed no change and six (27.27 per cent) showed a decrease of at least 15 per cent. After long-term follow up (12-40 months following perfusion), 10 patients (45.45 per cent) showed stable hearing, and 12 (54.54 per cent) exhibited a pure tone average decrease of more than 10 dB. Six patients (27.27 per cent) showed a speech discrimination score decrease of at least 15 per cent, while 16 (72.72 per cent) had no change. Complete cessation of vertigo was reported by 20 of the 22 patients (90.9 per cent), while two (9.09 per cent) reported episodic vertigo spells.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Intratympanic gentamicin perfusion provides effective control of vertigo in patients with M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. However, significant hearing loss may occur immediately after perfusion; therefore, this treatment should be considered only for patients whose hearing has already been affected by the disease.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK39,

title = {Time course of repeated intratympanic gentamicin for M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Nguyen, Kimanh D and Minor, Lloyd B and Della Santina, Charles C and Carey, John P},

doi = {10.1002/lary.20055},

issn = {1531-4995},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-04-01},

journal = {Laryngoscope},

volume = {119},

pages = {792-8},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: }With low-dose and titration protocols, subsequent intratympanic (IT) gentamicin injections are frequently necessary for vertigo control in M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. To date, studies have not provided detailed descriptions of the time course of recurrent vertigo and repeated injections. Our objective is to provide such a description with a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, which may enable accurate predictions of the probability of recurrent vertigo after a given time or number of injections.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Injections of IT gentamicin were administered for unilateral definite M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. One injection (or rarely more) in a 6-week period constituted a "round." Repeat rounds were given when needed for control of recurrent vertigo.
\textbf{METHODS: }We used a Kaplan-Meier method to quantify percentages of patients with control of vertigo over an 8-year period. A separate curve was created for each number of rounds, and failure for each was defined as the need for an additional round.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Of 78 patients, 75 (96%) achieved sufficient vertigo control to avoid ablative surgery, and 42 (54%) required only one round. Thirty-six (46%) required multiple rounds. The probability of needing another round increased with each subsequent one, through four rounds. The median times to the next round after one, two, or three rounds were 148, 118, and 124 days, respectively.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }More than half of patients need only one round of IT gentamicin injections. With each additional round through the fourth one, the probability of additional rounds increases. Nevertheless, the majority (96%) of patients do not need ablative surgery after IT gentamicin.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK98,

title = {Reevaluating the CD8 T-cell response to herpes simplex virus type 1: involvement of CD8 T cells reactive to subdominant epitopes.},

author = {Sheridan, Brian S and Cherpes, Thomas L and Urban, Julie and Kalinski, Pawel and Hendricks, Robert L},

doi = {10.1128/JVI.01699-08},

issn = {1098-5514},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-03-01},

journal = {J Virol},

volume = {83},

pages = {2237-45},

abstract = {
In C57BL/6 (B6) mice, most herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific CD8 T cells recognize a strongly immunodominant epitope on glycoprotein B (gB498) and can inhibit HSV type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation from latency in trigeminal ganglia (TG). However, half of the CD8 T cells retained in latently infected TG of B6 mice are not gB498 specific and have been largely ignored. The following observations from our current study indicate that these gB498-nonspecific CD8 T cells are HSV specific and may contribute to the control of HSV-1 latency. First, following corneal infection, OVA257-specific OT-1 CD8 T cells do not infiltrate the infected TG unless mice are simultaneously immunized with OVA257 peptide, and then they are not retained. Second, 30% of CD8 T cells in acutely infected TG that produce gamma interferon in response to HSV-1 stimulation directly ex vivo are gB498 nonspecific, and these cells maintain an activation phenotype during viral latency. Finally, gB498-nonspecific CD8 T cells are expanded in ex vivo cultures of latently infected TG and inhibit HSV-1 reactivation from latency in the absence of gB498-specific CD8 T cells. We conclude that many of the CD8 T cells that infiltrate and are retained in infected TG are HSV specific and potentially contribute to maintenance of HSV-1 latency. Identification of the viral proteins recognized by these cells will contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of HSV-1 latency.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK142,

title = {Otological and vestibular symptoms in patients with low grade (Quebec grades one and two) whiplash injury.},

author = {Rowlands, R G and Campbell, I K and Kenyon, G S},

doi = {10.1017/S0022215108002569},

issn = {1748-5460},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-02-01},

journal = {J Laryngol Otol},

volume = {123},

pages = {182-5},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To establish the prevalence of new vestibular and otological symptoms in a group of patients who had sustained a low grade (Quebec grades one or two) whiplash injury.
\textbf{METHODS: }A retrospective review of the case records of 109 patients undergoing assessment by a single practitioner for the purposes of compiling a medicolegal report on their whiplash injury.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Four patients complained of short-lived, non-specific dizziness symptoms in the acute phase following their original injury. There were no reports of vertigo, tinnitus or hearing loss after a mean period of 149 days following the whiplash injury.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }No patients reported otological or persistent vestibular symptoms in the acute phase following their whiplash injury. This suggests that caution should be exercised when attributing these symptoms to such an injury. Before whiplash injuries are admitted as an aetiological factor in the development of such symptoms, other causes should be excluded.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK69,

title = {Isolated nodular infarction.},

author = {Moon, In Soo and Kim, Ji Soo and Choi, Kwang Dong and Kim, Min-Jeong and Oh, Sun-Young and Lee, Hyung and Lee, Hak-Seung and Park, Seong-Ho},

doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.527762},

issn = {1524-4628},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-02-01},

journal = {Stroke},

volume = {40},

pages = {487-91},

abstract = {
\textbf{BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: }Isolated nodular infarction has rarely been described in human. The purpose of this study is to report clinical and laboratory findings of isolated nodular infarction.
\textbf{METHODS: }Eight patients with isolated nodular infarction were recruited from 6 hospitals in Korea. All patients underwent a complete and standardized neurotological evaluation including ocular torsion, bithermal caloric tests, and rotatory chair test in addition to MRI and MR angiography.
\textbf{RESULTS: }All patients presented with isolated vertigo and moderate to severe imbalance. The most common manifestation was unilateral nystagmus and falling in the opposite direction, which mimicked peripheral vestibulopathy. Six patients had unilateral lesion, and 2 showed bilateral lesions. The direction of the spontaneous nystagmus was all ipsilesional in the unilateral lesion. However, head impulse and bithermal caloric tests were normal. Other findings include periodic alternating nystagmus, perverted head shaking nystagmus, paroxysmal positional nystagmus, and impaired tilt suppression of the postrotatory nystagmus. Hypoplasia of the ipsilesional vertebral artery was the only abnormal finding on MR angiography in 3 patients. The prognosis was excellent.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }Isolated nodular infarction mostly presents with isolated vertigo mimicking acute peripheral vestibulopathy. However, severe imbalance and a negative head impulse test are important clinical discriminants between nodular infarcts and peripheral vestibular dysfunction. The findings of isolated nodular infarctions are consistent with impaired gravito-inertial processing of the vestibular signals and disrupted nodular inhibition on the vestibular secondary neurons and the velocity storage mechanism.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK132,

title = {Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90.},

author = {Fleming, Jane and Brayne, Carol},

doi = {10.1136/bmj.a2227},

issn = {1756-1833},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-11-01},

journal = {BMJ},

volume = {337},

pages = {a2227},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To describe the incidence and extent of lying on the floor for a long time after being unable to get up from a fall among people aged over 90; to explore their use of call alarm systems in these circumstances.
\textbf{DESIGN: }1 year follow-up of participants in a prospective cohort study of ageing, using fall calendars, phone calls, and visits.
\textbf{SETTING: }Participantstextquoteright usual place of residence (own homes or care homes), mostly in Cambridge.
\textbf{PARTICIPANTS: }90 women and 20 men aged over 90 (n=110), surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, a population based sample.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: }Inability to get up without help, lying on floor for a long time after falling, associated factors; availability and use of call alarm systems; participantstextquoteright views on using call alarms to summon help if needed after falling.
\textbf{RESULTS: }In one yeartextquoterights intensive follow-up, 54% (144/265) of fall reports described the participant as being found on the floor and 82% (217/265) of falls occurred when the person was alone. Of the 60% who fell, 80% (53/66) were unable to get up after at least one fall and 30% (20/66) had lain on the floor for an hour or more. Difficulty in getting up was consistently associated with age, reported mobility, and severe cognitive impairment. Cognition was the only characteristic that predicted lying on the floor for a long time. Lying on the floor for a long time was strongly associated with serious injuries, admission to hospital, and subsequent moves into long term care. Call alarms were widely available but were not used in most cases of falls that led to lying on the floor for a long time. Comments from older people and carers showed the complexity of issues around the use of call alarms, including perceptions of irrelevance, concerns about independence, and practical difficulties.
\textbf{CONCLUSIONS: }Lying on the floor for a long time after falling is more common among the "oldest old" than previously thought and is associated with serious consequences. Factors indicating higher risk and comments from participants suggest practical implications. People need training in strategies to get up from the floor. Work is needed on access and activation issues for design of call alarms and information for their effective use. Care providers need better understanding of the perceptions of older people to provide acceptable support services.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK144,

title = {[Cervicoproprioceptive provocation of horizontal and vertical nystagmus in test subjects].},

author = {H{ö}lzl, M and Weikert, S and Gabel, P and Topp, N and Orawa, H and Scherer, H},

doi = {10.1007/s00106-008-1739-5},

issn = {1433-0458},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-10-01},

journal = {HNO},

volume = {56},

pages = {1013-9},

abstract = {
\textbf{BACKGROUND: }The cervico-ocular reflex (COR) has been confirmed in numerous animal experiments. On the other hand, its clinical assessment is disputed. Anteflexion and retroflexion of the head are among the main movements of the atlanto-occipital joint. We investigated whether these head movements produce neck proprioceptive stimulation in the vestibular system.
\textbf{SUBJECTS AND METHOD: }We investigated 50 students under the experimental conditions of strictly cervical provocation. The trunk was rotated, anteflexed, and retroflexed into its end positions for 60 s under video-oculographic control without changing the head-space relationship. During the cervical provocation, horizontal, vertical, or rotational nystagmus within a time window of 5-30 s after the start of the provocation was detected as a target parameter.
\textbf{RESULTS: }The results showed that, compared to the baseline, there was a significant increase in vertical and horizontal nystagmus after the cervical provocation. The horizontal nystagmus reaction, rather than the vertical, was increased significantly by the maximum trunk rotation. In addition, we found a significant amount of vertical rather than horizontal nystagmus under trunk flexion provocation.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Under cervical provocation of test subjects, we were able to elicit horizontal and vertical nystagmus (upbeat nystagmus) via cervico-ocular roots. Due to a neck proprioceptive activation of the vestibular system we interpret our result as a "cervico-tonic provocation nystagmus".
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK104,

title = {Effector CD4+ T-cell involvement in clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 from sensory ganglia and spinal cords.},

author = {Johnson, Alison J and Chu, Chin-Fun and Milligan, Gregg N},

doi = {10.1128/JVI.01159-08},

issn = {1098-5514},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-10-01},

journal = {J Virol},

volume = {82},

pages = {9678-88},

abstract = {
In primary infection, CD8(+) T cells are important for clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus (HSV) from sensory ganglia. In this study, evidence of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated clearance of infectious HSV type 1 (HSV-1) from neural tissues was also detected. In immunocompetent mice, HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells were present in sensory ganglia and spinal cords coincident with HSV-1 clearance from these sites and remained detectable at least 8 months postinfection. Neural CD4(+) T cells isolated at the peak of neural infection secreted gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), or IL-4 after stimulation with HSV antigen. HSV-1 titers in neural tissues were greatly reduced over time in CD8(+) T-cell-deficient and CD8(+) T-cell-depleted mice, suggesting that CD4(+) T cells could mediate clearance of HSV-1 from neural tissue. To examine possible mechanisms by which CD4(+) T cells resolved neural infection, CD8(+) T cells were depleted from perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice. Clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues was not significantly different in perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice compared to wild-type mice. Further, in spinal cords and brains after vaginal HSV-1 challenge of chimeric mice expressing both perforin and Fas or neither perforin nor Fas, virus titers were significantly lower than in control mice. Thus, perforin and Fas were not required for clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues. These results suggest that HSV-specific CD4(+) T cells are one component of a long-term immune cell presence in neural tissues following genital HSV-1 infection and play a role in clearance of infectious HSV-1 at neural sites, possibly via a nonlytic mechanism.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK276,

title = {Clinical practice. Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.},

author = {Rauch, Steven D},

doi = {10.1056/NEJMcp0802129},

issn = {1533-4406},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-08-01},

journal = {N Engl J Med},

volume = {359},

pages = {833-40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK146,

title = {Adaptation of the cervico- and vestibulo-ocular reflex in whiplash injury patients.},

author = {Montfoort, Inger and Van Der Geest, Joseph N and Slijper, Harm P and De Zeeuw, Chris I and Frens, Maarten A},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2007.0314},

issn = {0897-7151},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-06-01},

journal = {J Neurotrauma},

volume = {25},

pages = {687-93},

abstract = {
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the increased gains of the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) and the lack of synergy between the COR and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) that have been previously observed in patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). Eye movements during COR or VOR stimulation were recorded in four different experiments. The effect of restricted neck motion and the relationship between muscle activity and COR gain was examined in healthy controls. The adaptive ability of the COR and the VOR was tested in WAD patients and healthy controls. Reduced neck mobility yielded an increase in COR gain. No correlation between COR gain and muscle activity was observed. Adaptation of both the COR and VOR was observed in healthy controls, but not in WAD patients. The increased COR gain of WAD patients may stem from a reduced neck mobility. The lack of adaptation of the two stabilization reflexes may result in a lack of synergy between them. These abnormalities may underlie several of the symptoms frequently observed in WAD, such as vertigo and dizziness.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK95,

title = {[Vestibular neuritis].},

author = {Hansen, S{ø}ren and Cay{'e}-Thomasen, Per and Boesen, Jesper and Thomsen, Jens C},

issn = {1603-6824},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-05-01},

journal = {Ugeskr Laeger},

volume = {170},

pages = {1809-15},

abstract = {
Vestibular neuritis is the second most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Its assumed cause is a reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Methylprednisolone significantly improves the recovery of peripheral vestibular function in patients with vestibular neuritis. Clinical studies suggest that specific vestibular exercises improve vestibulo-spinal and vestibulo-ocular compensation in patients with vestibular neuritis. This review discusses the above and comments etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and differential diagnosis.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK143,

title = {Head movements produced during whole body rotations and their sensitivity to changes in head inertia in squirrel monkeys.},

author = {Reynolds, J S and Gdowski, G T},

doi = {10.1152/jn.00320.2007},

issn = {0022-3077},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-05-01},

journal = {J Neurophysiol},

volume = {99},

pages = {2369-82},

abstract = {
The headtextquoterights inertia produces forces on the neck when the body moves. One collective function of the vestibulocollic and cervicocollic reflexes (VCR and CCR) is thought to be to stabilize the head with respect to the trunk during whole body movements. Little is known as to whether their head-movement kinematics produced by squirrel monkeys during whole body rotations are similar to those of cats and humans. Prior experiments with cats and human subjects have shown that yaw head-movement kinematics are unaffected by changes in the headtextquoterights inertia when the whole body is rotated. These observations have led to the hypothesis that the combined actions of the VCR and CCR accommodate for changes in the headtextquoterights inertia. To test this hypothesis in squirrel monkeys, it was imperative to first characterize the behavior of head movements produced during whole body rotation and then investigate their sensitivity to changes in the headtextquoterights inertia. Our behavioral studies show that squirrel monkeys produce only small head movements with respect to the trunk during whole body rotations over a wide range of stimulus frequencies and velocities (0.5-4.0 Hz; 0-100 degrees /s). Similar head movements were produced when only small additional changes in the headtextquoterights inertia occurred. Electromyographic recordings from the splenius muscle revealed that an active process was utilized such that increases in muscle activation occurred when the inertia of the head was increased. These results are consistent with prior cat and human studies, suggesting that squirrel monkeys have a similar horizontal VCR and CCR.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK70,

title = {Bedside differentiation of vestibular neuritis from central "vestibular pseudoneuritis".},

author = {Cnyrim, C D and Newman-Toker, D and Karch, C and Brandt, T and Strupp, Michael},

doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2007.123596},

issn = {1468-330X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-04-01},

journal = {J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry},

volume = {79},

pages = {458-60},

abstract = {
Acute unilateral peripheral and central vestibular lesions can cause similar signs and symptoms, but they require different diagnostics and management. We therefore correlated clinical signs to differentiate vestibular neuritis (40 patients) from central "vestibular pseudoneuritis" (43 patients) in the acute situation with the final diagnosis assessed by neuroimaging. Skew deviation was the only specific but non-sensitive (40%) sign for pseudoneuritis. None of the other isolated signs (head thrust test, saccadic pursuit, gaze evoked nystagmus, subjective visual vertical) were reliable; however, multivariate logistic regression increased their sensitivity and specificity to 92%.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK67,

title = {Otolith dysfunction in vestibular neuritis: recovery pattern and a predictor of symptom recovery.},

author = {Kim, H-A and Hong, J-H and Lee, H and Yi, H-A and Lee, S-R and Lee, S-Y and Jang, B-C and Ahn, B-H and Baloh, R W},

doi = {10.1212/01.wnl.0000297554.21221.a0},

issn = {1526-632X},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-02-01},

journal = {Neurology},

volume = {70},

pages = {449-53},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To prospectively follow patients with vestibular neuritis (VN), to compare the recovery pattern of canal and otolith dysfunction, and to determine which tests best predict symptom recovery.
\textbf{METHODS: }Between March 2006 and December 2006, 51 consecutive patients with unilateral VN were enrolled within 7 days of onset (average 3 days). Otolith function tests included ocular torsion (OT), subjective visual vertical (SVV), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), and canal function tests included head-shaking nystagmus (HSN), caloric stimulation, and head-thrust testing. Patients returned for two follow-up evaluations at approximately 1 week and 6 weeks after the initial evaluation.
\textbf{RESULTS: }On the first examination, all patients had abnormal HSN, caloric, and head-thrust test results, and at least one otolith-related test abnormality: abnormal tilt of SVV (48/51, 94%), abnormal OT (42/51, 82%), or abnormal VEMPs (25/51, 49%). The degree of SVV tilts correlated with the degree of OT for one or both eyes (p < 0.05). Skew deviation was observed in 7 patients (14%), and a complete ocular tilt reaction was detected in only 2 patients. On follow-up, otolith test results returned to normal more rapidly than canal test results. The head-thrust test was the best predictor of symptom recovery. Eighty percent of patients who continued to report dizziness at the last follow-up visit had a positive head-thrust test result, whereas only 10% of patients who were not dizzy had a positive head-thrust test result.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Otolith-related test abnormalities improve more rapidly than canal-related test abnormalities after vestibular neuritis. If patients have a positive head-thrust test result on follow-up, they are more likely to be dizzy.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK37,

title = {Longitudinal results with intratympanic dexamethasone in the treatment of M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Boleas-Aguirre, Maria Soledad and Lin, Frank R and Della Santina, Charles C and Minor, Lloyd B and Carey, John P},

doi = {10.1097/mao.0b013e31815dbafc},

issn = {1531-7129},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Otol Neurotol},

volume = {29},

pages = {33-8},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }To assess patient satisfaction with vertigo control using intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone (12 mg/mL) for medically refractory unilateral M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Retrospective study.
\textbf{SETTING: }Tertiary referral neurotology clinic.
\textbf{PATIENTS: }One hundred twenty-nine subjects diagnosed with unilateral M'eni`eretextquoterights disease still having vertigo despite medical therapy.
\textbf{INTERVENTION: }IT dexamethasone injections as needed to control vertigo attacks.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: }A Kaplan-Meier time-to-event method was used to determine the rate of "survival," meaning sufficient satisfaction with vertigo control that the subject did not wish to have subsequent ablative treatment. "Failure" was defined as poor control and the choice to proceed to ablative treatment.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Acceptable vertigo control ("survival") was achieved in 117 (91%) of 129 subjects. Vertigo control required only one dexamethasone injection in 48 (37%), 2 injections in 26 (20%), 3 injections in 18 (14%), and 4 injections in 10 (8%). More than 4 injections were needed in 15 subjects (21%). Of 12 failures (9%), 9 occurred within 6 months of the first IT dexamethasone injection. Follow-up data for 2 years were available for 96 subjects. Of these, 87 (91%) had vertigo control with IT dexamethasone, of whom 61 (70)% required no further injections after 2 years, 23 (26%) continued to receive IT dexamethasone injections, and 3 (3%) chose IT gentamicin treatment.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }IT dexamethasone injection therapy on an as-needed outpatient basis can provide vertigo control that is satisfactory in patients with M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. The Kaplan-Meier method addresses the need for an outcome measure suited to repeated treatments and variable lengths of follow-up. However, due to the retrospective nature of this study, the presence of bias caused by loss of subjects from follow-up cannot be ruled out.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK45,

title = {Long-term vertigo control in patients after intratympanic gentamicin instillation for M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.},

author = {Bodmer, Daniel and Morong, Sharon and Stewart, Craig and Alexander, Ashlin and Chen, Joseph M and Nedzelski, Julian M},

issn = {1531-7129},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-12-01},

journal = {Otol Neurotol},

volume = {28},

pages = {1140-4},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVES: }To assess long-term vertigo symptom control in patients after intratympanic gentamicin instillation for incapacitating unilateral M'eni`eretextquoterights disease. To analyze whether an absent caloric response, as analyzed using electronystagmography after gentamicin treatment, is a good predicator of long-term symptom control. Finally, to quantify the patienttextquoterights perception of long-term posttreatment handicap.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }A retrospective study from a single institution. All patients underwent a similar fixed-dose and duration protocol of drug instillation.
\textbf{METHODS: }Patients were enrolled in this study, and initial outcomes were assessed according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium Guidelines for Reporting Treatment Results in M'eni`eretextquoterights Disease (1985 and 1995). In this study, only those patients treated more than 5 years previous were considered. One hundred thirty-two patients were eligible for inclusion. All patients underwent hearing testing and electronystagmography, including caloric testing before and after treatment. Posttreatment handicap and long-term vertigo control were assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Index questionnaire expanded with 5 questions specific for M'eni`eretextquoterights disease.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Analysis of results is based on the 63 patients who responded. Forty-four were vertigo-free, whereas 14 continued to experience some degree of vertigo. On average, they described 5 episodes in the immediate 24 months before the study. Of the 44 patients who were asymptomatic, 35 had an absent caloric response. Of the 14 patients who realized some vertigo, 12 had an absent caloric response posttreatment. Of the 63 responders, 44 filled in the Dizziness Handicap Index. Of the 19 who did not, 17 reported that they were vertigo-free.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Our current protocol achieves complete or substantial vertigo control in most patients. A significant caloric response reduction has been a consequence in almost all patients, although an absent caloric response is not invariably a predictor of long-term symptom control. Finally, patient-perceived handicap in this long-term follow-up is consistent with that of others followed for a much shorter duration in that those who were vertigo-free volunteered a significantly lower score.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK23,

title = {Transmastoid labyrinthectomy versus translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: does cutting the vestibular nerve make a difference in outcome?},

author = {De La Cruz, Antonio and Borne Teufert, Karen and Berliner, Karen I},

issn = {1531-7129},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-09-01},

journal = {Otol Neurotol},

volume = {28},

pages = {801-8},

abstract = {
\textbf{OBJECTIVE: }Analyze differences in outcomes between labyrinthectomy with and without vestibular nerve section, including characteristics of symptoms and time course for improvement.
\textbf{STUDY DESIGN: }Patient survey.
\textbf{SETTING: }Tertiary referral neurotologic private practice.
\textbf{PATIENTS/INTERVENTION: }Twenty-five patients who underwent transmastoid labyrinthectomies and 17 who underwent translabyrinthine vestibular nerve section (TLVNS). Patients with a diagnosis of Menieretextquoterights disease comprised 64.0 and 64.7% of the two groups, respectively.
\textbf{MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: }A mail questionnaire assessed frequency, severity, interference, and disability for both vertigo ("spinning dizziness") and dysequilibrium ("imbalance/unsteadiness") before and after surgery as well as the time course of improvements.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Approximately 24% of each group still has vertigo (spinning dizziness). On average, both groups indicated resolution of vertigo at 2 to 3 weeks on average (longer for imbalance). There were no significant differences between groups in vertigo characteristics, but TLVNS did show advantages in imbalance outcomes. American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery functional disability showed improvement in 73 and 52% of the TLVNS and labyrinthectomy groups, respectively. The TLVNS group was more likely to have improved imbalance (81.3 versus 45.8%, p <or= 0.047) and tended more frequently to rate it as currently not severe/none (76.5 versus 45.8%, p <or= 0.06). The labyrinthectomy group did not show significant improvement in any imbalance characteristics, whereas the TLVNS group improved in all characteristics. When limited to patients with Menieretextquoterights disease, results are similar, but differences between groups are smaller, and improvement in imbalance did also occur for the labyrinthectomy group.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Both transmastoid labyrinthectomy and TLVNS provide good control of vertigo (>85% Class A or B). However, patients undergoing TLVNS were more likely to show improvement in imbalance and functional disability. This difference was less pronounced in patients with Menieretextquoterights disease.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{CK91,

title = {One-year follow-up of cognitive behavioral therapy for phobic postural vertigo.},

author = {Holmberg, Johan and Karlberg, Mikael and Harlacher, Uwe and Magnusson, M{r a}ns},

doi = {10.1007/s00415-007-0499-6},

issn = {0340-5354},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-09-01},

journal = {J Neurol},

volume = {254},

pages = {1189-92},

abstract = {
\textbf{BACKGROUND: }Phobic postural vertigo is characterized by dizziness in standing and walking despite normal clinical balance tests. Patients sometimes exhibit anxiety reactions and avoidance behavior to specific stimuli. Different treatments are possible for PPV, including vestibular rehabilitation exercises, pharmacological treatment, and cognitive behavioral therapy. We recently reported significant benefits of cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with phobic postural vertigo. This study presents the results of a one-year follow-up of these patients.
\textbf{METHODS: }Swedish translations of the following questionnaires were administered: (Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Vertigo Symptom Scale, Vertigo Handicap Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were administered to 20 patients (9 men and 11 women; mean age 43 years, range 23-59 years) one year after completion of cognitive behavioral therapy.
\textbf{RESULTS: }Test results were similar to those obtained before treatment, showing that no significant treatment effects remained.
\textbf{CONCLUSION: }Cognitive behavioral therapy has a limited long-term effect on phobic postural vertigo. This condition is more difficult to treat than panic disorder with agoraphobia. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises and pharmacological treatment might be the necessary components of treatment.
},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}